Common Orthopaedic Issues in Children and How to Address Them
Children are full of energy — running, jumping, playing, and exploring the world around them. However, during these years of rapid growth and physical activity, they are also more prone to certain orthopaedic issues. Some are developmental, while others result from injuries or overuse. Early diagnosis and timely management are key to ensuring healthy bone and joint development, preventing complications later in life.
Let’s explore the most common orthopaedic problems in children and how they can be effectively addressed.
1. Flat Feet (Pes Planus)
What it is: Flat feet are common in infants and toddlers. In most cases, the arch develops by the age of 6. However, in some children, the arch remains flat or collapses with standing or walking.
Symptoms:
- Foot pain
- Tiredness in legs after walking or playing
- Uneven shoe wear
Treatment:
Most children do not require treatment unless they are symptomatic. Supportive footwear, foot-strengthening exercises, and in rare cases, orthotic insoles may be recommended. Surgery is very rarely needed.
2. In-Toeing and Out-Toeing
What it is: In-toeing (feet turn inward) and out-toeing (feet turn outward) are common in early childhood due to bone development patterns.
Causes:
- Metatarsus adductus (curved foot bones)
- Internal tibial torsion (shinbone twisting)
- Femoral anteversion (hip rotation)
Treatment:
Most children outgrow these conditions without intervention. If the gait abnormality persists beyond age 8 or causes frequent falls or pain, an orthopaedic evaluation is advised.
3. Clubfoot (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus)
What it is: Clubfoot is a congenital deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. It affects about 1 in every 1,000 births.
Treatment:
The Ponseti method — a series of gentle manipulations and castings — is highly effective when started early (within the first weeks of life). Surgery is reserved for more resistant cases.
4. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
What it is: DDH occurs when the hip joint is not properly formed, causing instability or dislocation.
Symptoms:
- Uneven thigh folds
- Limited leg movement
- Limping (in older children)
Treatment:
Early screening is crucial. In infants, a Pavlik harness helps keep the hip in position. Late-diagnosed cases may require surgical correction and casting.
5. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
What it is: SCFE is a condition where the ball at the top of the thigh bone slips out of place due to a weak growth plate, usually in pre-teens or teens.
Symptoms:
- Hip, knee, or thigh pain
- Limping
- Restricted hip movement
Treatment:
Surgical fixation with pins or screws is typically required to stabilize the hip and prevent further slippage.
6. Osgood-Schlatter Disease
What it is: A common overuse injury in active adolescents, especially those involved in jumping or running sports. It causes inflammation at the growth plate near the shinbone.
Symptoms:
- Pain and swelling just below the kneecap
- Tenderness that worsens with activity
Treatment:
Rest, ice, stretching, and NSAIDs help relieve symptoms. It usually resolves with time and proper care.
7. Fractures and Growth Plate Injuries
Children’s bones are more flexible but also more prone to fractures. Growth plate injuries are of particular concern because they can affect future bone development if not treated correctly.
Common sites:
- Wrist
- Elbow
- Ankle
Treatment:
Timely diagnosis with X-rays and appropriate immobilization or surgical fixation ensures proper healing and prevents deformity.
When to See a Pediatric Orthopaedic Specialist
Not all childhood orthopaedic issues require treatment, but here are signs that warrant professional attention:
- Persistent limping or pain
- Abnormal walking patterns beyond age 3–4
- Swelling or deformity in joints or limbs
- Delayed milestones or frequent falls
- Unequal limb length
Supporting Your Child’s Orthopaedic Health
- Encourage safe play with protective gear in sports.
- Monitor growth milestones and gait patterns.
- Avoid heavy backpacks and prolonged screen time in poor posture.
- Ensure a balanced diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D for healthy bones.
Final Thoughts
Children’s bodies are constantly changing, and most orthopaedic concerns resolve with time and support. However, early diagnosis and expert care can make a significant difference, especially for conditions like clubfoot, DDH, or growth plate injuries.
At The Joint Replacement Centre, Dr. Mukund Agrawal and his team provide comprehensive pediatric orthopaedic care, using evidence-based approaches and compassionate support. Whether it’s a minor walking issue or a complex deformity, your child is in skilled hands.